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A​​rmy ADP 5-0 and ADRP 5-0. This site contains new army study guide questions and answers for Army boards. .   The source for Army Doctrine 2015.  The purpose is to help Soldiers become better educated and earn quicker Army promotions by assisting in not only their Army educations but also their college educations as well.  It has been designed to assist Soldiers in preparing for promotion boards and competition boards.  All the questions and answers are directly from Army publications and are designed in a way for Soldiers to learn these publications while also preparing for boards.  It is also managed and updated frequently to keep up with changing Army publications so please inform TOP if there is outdated material so that he can keep the material relevant and updated.  Also, please do not hesitate to contact TOP if there is a board topic that you would like to see added. Email TOP at info@armyadp.com

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​ADP 5-0 & ADRP ​5-0 Operations Process
1. Q. What does ADP 5-0 cover?
A: Operations Process.

2. Q. What does the Operations Process constitute for the Army?
A: the Army’s view on planning, preparing, executing, and assessing operations.

3. Q. What does the Operations Process account for?
A: It accounts for the complex, ever-changing, and uncertain nature of operations.

4. Q. Fig 1 What is the Army’s framework for exercising mission Command?
A: The Operations Process 

5. Q. Fig 1 What are the Major Command activities performed during Operations?
A: 1. Planning 2. Preparing 3. Executing 4. Continuously assessing the operation.

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​​​​6. Q. Fig 1 What is Planning?
A: The art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective ways of bringing that future about.

7. Q. Fig 1 What is Preparing?
A: Those activities performed by units and Soldiers to improve their ability to execute an operation.

8. Q. Fig 1 What is Execution?
A: Putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission.

9. Q. Fig 1 Fig 1 What is Assessing?

A: The continuous determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating an effect, or achieving an objective.

10. Q: Fig 1 How do Commanders use the Operations Process?

A: Through the support of their Staff, to drive the conceptual and detailed planning necessary to understand, visualize, and describe their operational environment; make and articulate decisions; and direct, lead, and assess military operations.

11. Q. Fig 1 What are the four principles that guide the Operations Process?

A:  1. Commanders drive the Operations Process.

2. Apply critical and creative thinking.

3. Build and maintain situational understanding.

4. Encourage collaboration and dialog.

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12. Q. Para 1. What are the major mission command activities performed during operations?

A: 1. Planning.

2. Preparing.

3. Executing.

4. Assessing the Operation.

13. Q. Para 2 What happens upon completion of the initial order?

A: planning continues as leaders revise the plan based on changing circumstances.

14. Q. Para 3 What is the staff’s role during the Operations Process?

A: to assist commanders with understanding situations, making and implementing decisions, controlling operations, and assessing progress.

15. Q. Para 3 What other function does the staff perform during the Operations Process besides assisting the Commander?

A: staff assists subordinate units and keeps units and organizations outside the headquarters informed throughout the operations process.

16. Q. Para 3 What ATTP discusses the duties and responsibilities of the staff in detail?

A: ATTP 5-0.1.

17. Q. Para 4 During the operations process, what does Mission Command require?

A: an environment of mutual trust and shared understanding among commanders, staffs, and subordinates .

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18. Q. Para 4 What type of Command climate is required?

A: a command climate in which commanders encourage subordinates to accept prudent risk and exercise disciplined initiative to seize opportunities and counter threats within the commander’s intent.

19. Q. Para 4 What allows subordinates the greatest possible freedom of action?

A: commanders focusing their instructions on the purpose of the operation rather than on the details of how to perform assigned tasks.

20. Q. Para 4 What does the philosophy of Mission Command do?

A: guides commanders, staffs, and subordinates as they plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations.

21. Q. Para 5 How must Commanders organize and train their staffs and subordinates?

A: as an integrated team to simultaneously plan, prepare, execute, and assess operations.

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22. Q. Para 6 How do commanders drive the operations process?

A: through understanding, visualizing, describing, directing, leading, and assessing operations.

23. Q. Para 7 What does it mean to understand something?

A: to grasp its nature and significance.

24. Q. Para 7 What is an Operational Environment?

A: influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander.

25. Q. Para 8 What is the Commander’s Visualization?

A: the mental process of developing situational understanding, determining a desired end state, and envisioning an operational approach by which the force will achieve that end state.

26. Q. Para 9 What are the four ways Commanders express their visualization?

A: 1. Commander’s.

2. Planning guidance, including an operational approach.

3. Commander’s critical information requirements.

4. Essential elements of friendly information.

27. Q. Para 10 What is the Commander’s Intent?

A: clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired military end state. 

28. Q. Para 11 What does the Commander’s planning guidance provide?

A: It conveys the essence of their visualization.

29. Q. Para 11 What does Effective planning guidance provide?

A: It broadly describes when, where, and how the commander intends to employ combat power to accomplish the mission.

30. Q. Para 11 What is Operational Approach?

A: broadly describes when, where, and how the commander intends to employ combat power to accomplish the mission.

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31. Q. Para 12 What does the Acronym CCIR stand for?

A: Commander’s Critical Information Requirements.

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32. Q. Para 12 How do Commanders use CCIR’s?

A: Commanders use CCIRs to focus information collection on the relevant information they need to make critical decisions throughout the conduct of operations.

 33. Q. Para 12 What are the two components of CCIR’s?

A: friendly force information requirements and priority intelligence requirements.

 34. Q. Para 13 What does the Acronym EEFI stand for?

A: Essential Elements of Friendly Information.

35. Q. Para 13 What does EEFI’s identify?

A: elements of friendly force information that, if compromised, would jeopardize mission success.

36. Q. Para 14 What are the seven ways Commanders can direct forces throughout the operations process?

A: 1. Preparing and approving plans and orders.

2. Establishing command and support relationships.

3. Assigning and adjusting tasks, control measures, and task organization.

4. Positioning units to maximize combat power.

5. Positioning key leaders at critical places and times to ensure supervision.

6. Allocating resources to exploit opportunities and counter threats.

7. Committing the reserve as required.

37. Q. Para 15. How does a Commander show Leadership?

A: By providing purpose, direction and motivation to Subordinate Commanders, Staff and Soldiers.

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38. Q. Para 15 In what way must a Commander balance their time?

A: between leading the staff through the operations process and providing purpose, direction, and motivation to subordinate commanders and Soldiers away from the command post.

39. Q. Para 16 Why do Commanders continuously assess the situation?

A: to better understand current conditions and determine how the operation is progressing.

40. Q. Para 17 What is situational understanding?

A: the product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant information to determine the relationships among the operational and mission variables to facilitate decision-making.

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41. Q. Para 18 What do Commanders and staffs use help build their situational understanding?

A: Commanders and staffs use the operational and mission variables.

42. Q. Para 18 What are the eight interrelated operational variables that Commanders and staff use to analyze and describe an operational environment?

A: 1. Political.

2. Military.

3. Economic.

4. Social.

5. Information.

6. Infrastructure.

7.Physical environment.

8. Time.

43. Q. Para 18 What does the acronym PMESII-PT stand for?

A: the eight interrelated operational variables: political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time.

44. Q. Para 18 What does the acronym METT-TC stand for?

A: mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations

45. Q. Para 18 What are the six mission variables?

A: mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations (METT-TC).

46. Q. Para 19 What is Critical Thinking?

A: Critical thinking is purposeful and reflective judgment about what to believe or what to do in response to observations, experience, verbal or written expressions, or arguments.

47. Q. Para 19 What does Critical Thinking lead to?

A: Creative thinking leads to new insights, novel approaches, fresh perspectives, and new ways of understanding and conceiving things.

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48. Q. Para 20 What are some things included in the analysis during the Operations Process?

A: weapons system ranges, mobility options afforded by terrain and weather, operational reach, communications system range, sustainment, and other considerations of the operational and mission variables.

49. Q. Para 21 What is Collaboration?

A: Collaboration is two or more people or organizations working together toward common goals by sharing knowledge and building consensus.

50. Q. Para 21 What is Dialogue?

A: Dialogue is a way to collaborate by involving the candid exchange of ideas or opinions among participants that encourages frank discussions in areas of disagreement.

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51. Q. Para 22 What do Collaboration and Dialogue assist in developing?

A: Collaboration and dialogue assist in developing shared understanding and purpose, building teams, and making rapid adjustments during execution.

52. Q. Para 23 What are the four major mission command activities that the Operations Process consists of?

A: 1. Planning.

2.Preparing.

3. Executing.

4. Assessing.

53. Q. Para 24 What is Planning?

A: Planning is the art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective ways of bringing that future about.

54. Q. Para 24 What does Planning result in?

A: Planning results in a plan or order that communicates this vision and directs actions to synchronize forces in time, space, and purpose for achieving objectives and accomplishing missions.

55. Q. Para 25 What are the two separate components of Planning?

A: a conceptual component and a detailed component.

56. Q. Para 25 What does conceptual Planning involve?

A: understanding the operational environment and the problem, determining the operation’s end state, and visualizing an operational approach.

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57. Q. Para 25 What does detailed Planning translate?

A: Detailed planning translates the broad operational approach into a complete and practical plan.

58. Q. Para 25 What will good detailed planning work out?

A: the scheduling, coordination, or technical problems involved with moving, sustaining, and synchronizing the actions of force as a whole toward a common goal.

59. Q. Para 26 What is Operational Art?

A: the cognitive approach by commanders and staffs to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ  military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means.

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60. Q. Para 27 What are four elements of Operational Art?

A: 1. End state and Conditions.

2. Center of Gravity.

3. Decisive Points.

4. Lines of Operations and Lines of Effort.

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61. Q. Para 28 What are the three Army planning methodologies?

A: 1. Army design methodology.

2. Military decision making process.

3. Troop leading procedures.

62 Q. Para 28 What does the acronym MDMP stand for?

A: Military Decision Making Process (MDMP).

63. Q. Para 28 What does the acronym TLP stand for?

A: Troop Leading Procedures (TLP).

64. Q. Para 29 What is the Army design methodology?

A: a methodology for applying critical and creative thinking to understand, visualize, and describe unfamiliar problems and approaches to solving them.

65. Q. Para 30 What does Army design methodology results in?

A: an improved understanding of the operational environment, a problem statement, an initial commander’s intent, and an operational approach that serves as the link between conceptual and detailed planning.

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66. Q. Para 31 What does reframing involve?

A: revisiting earlier hypotheses, conclusions, and decisions that underpin the current operational approach.

67. Q. Para 31 What can reframing lead to?

A: Reframing can lead to a new problem statement and operational approach, resulting in an entirely new plan.

68. Q. Para 32 What is the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP)?

A: an iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation plan or order.

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69. Q. Para 32 What does the MDMP result in?

A: an improved understanding of the situation and a plan or order that guides the force through preparation and execution.

70. Q. Para 32 How does MDMP help Leaders?

A: by applying thoroughness, clarity, sound judgment, logic, and professional knowledge to understand situations, develop options to solve problems, and reach decisions.

71. Q. Para 33 Who will higher headquarters solicit input and continually share information with concerning future operations?

A: subordinate and adjacent units, supporting and supported units, and unified action partners.

72. Q. Para 33 How will higher headquarters solicit input and continually share information with concerning future operations?

A: through planning meetings, warning orders, and other means.

73. Q. Para 34 what are the steps of MDMP?

A: 1. Receipt of mission.

2. Mission analysis.

3. Coa development.

4. Coa analysis.

5. Coa comparison.

6. Coa approval.

7. Orders production, dissemination and transition.

74. Q. Para 35 What are Troop Leading Procedures (TLP’s)?

A: a dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an operation.

75. Q. Para 35. What are the eight Troop Leading Procedure steps?

A: 1. Receive the mission.

2. Issue the warning order.

3. Make a tentative plan.

4. Initiate movement.

5. Conduct reconnaissance.

6. Complete the plan.

7. Issue the order.

8. Supervise and refine the plan.

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76. Q. Para 36 Must Leaders perform all eight of the TLP’s in order?

A: No, they are not Rigid.

77. Q. Para 36 What should higher headquarters do to optimize available time for subordinates to perform TLP’s?

A: They should issue frequent Warning Orders (WARNO) to allow subordinate units maximum time to conduct TLP’s.

78. Q. Para 37 What does effective planning require?

A: dedication, study, and practice.

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79. Q. Para 37 How do commanders effectively plan?

A: 1. commanders focus planning.

2. Develop simple, Flexible plans through mission orders.

3. Optimize available planning time.

4. Continually refine the plan.

80. Q. Para 38 Who is the most important participants in effective planning?

A: The Commander.

81. Q. Para 38 How does the Commander focus the planning efforts?

A: by providing their commander’s intent, issuing planning guidance, and making decisions throughout the planning process.

82. Q. Para 39 How should Staff prepare effective plans and orders?

A: Staffs prepare clear, concise orders that communicate an understanding of the operation through the use of doctrinally correct operational terms and symbols; Shorter, rather than longer, plans aid in simplicity.

83. Q. Para 40 What type of plans help units adapt quickly to changing circumstances?

A: Flexible Plans.

84. Q. Para 41 What are Mission Orders?

A: directives that emphasize to subordinates the results to be attained, not how they are to achieve them.

85. Q. Para 41 What should Mission Orders clearly convey?

A: the unit’s mission and the commander’s intent.

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86. Q. Para 42 What is a guide to allocate time available that Commanders and Staff should use when planning?

A: “one-third—two-thirds rule”.

87. Q. Para 42 What is the “one-third—two-thirds rule”?

A: Commanders and Staff use one-third of the time available before execution for their planning and allocate the remaining two-thirds of the time available before execution to their subordinates for planning and preparation.

88. Q. Para 43 Once a plan has been made, can it be changed or modified?

A: Yes.

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89. Q. Para 43 What are some of the ways that help to refine a plan?

A: confirmation briefings, rehearsals and changes in the situation.

90. Q. Para 44 What does preparation consist of?

A: Preparation consists of those activities performed by units and Soldiers to improve their ability to execute an operation.

91. Q. Para 44 What does preparation create?

A: Preparation creates conditions that improve friendly forces’ opportunities for success.

92. Q. Para 44 What are five of the mission preparation activities?

A: 1. Continue to coordinate and conduct liaison.

2. Initiate information collection.

3. Initiate security operations.

4. Initiate troop movement.

5. Initiate sustainment preparations.

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93. Q. Para 45 What are the five guidelines that aid in effective preparation of subordinates?

A: 1. Secure and protect the force.

2. Improve situational understanding.

3. Understand, rehearse and refine the plan.

4. Integrate, organize and configure the force.

5. Ensure forces and resources are ready and positioned.

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94. Q. Para 46 When is the force as a whole most vulnerable to surprise and enemy attack?

A: during preparation.

95. Q. Para 46 What is done to minimize vulnerability during preparation?

A: security operations—screen, guard, cover, area security, and local security—are essential during preparation.

96. Q. Para 47 What helps leaders improve their understanding of the friendly force?

A: 1. Inspections.

2. Rehearsals.

3. Liaison.

4. Coordination.

97. Q. Para 48 What do rehearsals help leaders and soldiers understand?

A: they help improve understanding of the concept of operations, control measures, decision points, and command and support relationships.

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98. Q. Para 49 When receiving and integrating new units and Soldiers into the force, what is the most important thing the Commander should give to the Subordinate units?

A: Time for those personnel to integrate and to learn the gaining unit’s standard operating procedures and the plan the gaining unit will execute.

99. Q. Para 50 What ensures that the right forces are in the right place,  time, right equipment and other resources ready to execute the operation?

A: Effective preparation .

100. Q. Para 51 What is Execution?

A: Execution is putting a plan into action by applying combat power to accomplish the mission.

101. Q. Para 51 During Execution, Commanders will apply combat power for what purpose?

A: to seize, retain, and exploit the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage.

102. Q. Para 52 What must happen to overcome the difficulties of enemy action, friendly errors, and other changes in their operational environment?

A: During mission execution, Commanders must direct their units forcefully and promptly.

103. Q. Para 53 What is a Decision Point?

A: a point in space or time the commander or staff anticipates making a key decision concerning a specific course of action.

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104. Q. Para 53 What is an adjustment decision?

A: An adjustment decision is the selection of a course of action that modifies the order to respond to unanticipated opportunities or threats.

105. Q. Para 55 What guides aid subordinate leaders in effective execution?

A: 1. Seize the initiative through action.

2. Accept prudent risk to exploit opportunities.

106. Q. Para 56 How can Commanders create conditions for seizing the initiative?

A: By taking Action.

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107. Q. Para 56 When faced with an uncertain situation what do people naturally tend to do?

A: hesitate and gather more information to reduce the uncertainty.

108. Q. Para 56 What could hesitation and waiting to gather more information do in an operation?

A: it could give the enemy the advantage as they could seize the initiative.

109. Q. Para 57 What is Prudent Risk?

A: Prudent risk is a deliberate exposure to potential injury or loss when the commander judges the outcome in terms of mission accomplishment as worth the cost.

110. Q Para 58 What is Assessment?

A: Assessment is the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating an effect, or achieving an objective.

111. Q. Para 59 What are the three Assessment Activities?

A: 1. Monitoring the current situation.

2. Evaluating progress toward attaining end state conditions.

3. Recommending or directing action.

112. Q. Para 60 What are the primary tools for Assessing?

A: running estimates, after action reviews, and the assessment plan.

113. Q. Para 60 What do Running estimates provide?

A: information, conclusions, and recommendations from the perspective of each staff section.

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114. Q. Para 60 What do Running estimates help to refine?

A: the common operational picture and supplement it with information not readily displayed.

115. Q. Para 60 What do formal and informal after action reviews help identify?

A: what was supposed to happen, what went right, and what went wrong for a particular action or operation, and how the commander and staff should do things differently in the future.

116. Q. Para 60 What does the assessment plan include?

A: measures of effectiveness, measures of performance, and indicators that help the commander and staff evaluate progress toward accomplishing tasks and achieve objectives.

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117. Q. Para 61 What is a Running Estimate?

A: the continuous assessment of the current situation used to determine if the current operation is proceeding according to the commander’s intent.

118. Q. Para 61 What do Effective plans and successful preparation, execution and assessment rely on?

A: accurate running estimates.

119. Q. Para 62 What are the four guides that aid in effective assessment?

A: 1. Commanders prioritize the assessment effort.

2. Incorporate the logic of the plan.

3. Use caution when establishing cause and effect.

4. Combine quantitative and qualitative indicators.

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120. Q. Para 63 What should Commanders avoid burdening subordinates and staffs with?

A: Commanders should avoid burdening subordinates and staffs with overly detailed assessments and collection tasks.